The model accurately predicted major adverse cardiovascular events in women who were categorized as high and very high risk and performed better than other risk models.
Summary: A new coronary risk score for women has been developed to more accurately predict major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks, by incorporating clinical, exercise, and imaging-based variables. The model, tested on over 2,200 women aged 40 to 93 using SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, categorizes patients into four risk levels—low, moderate, high, and very high—and outperforms existing risk models. This tool aims to address the underrepresentation of women in cardiovascular research and provide earlier intervention for those at highest risk.
Key Takeaways:
- Improved Risk Prediction for Women: The coronary risk score accurately identified women at high and very high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, outperforming existing models.
- Comprehensive Variable Integration: The model uses eight clinical, exercise, and imaging-based variables to calculate risk, aiming to enhance accuracy and enable better resource allocation.
- Addressing Gaps in Women’s Cardiac Care: This tool addresses the underrepresentation of women in cardiovascular research, helping physicians catch serious heart issues earlier and improve outcomes.
A new risk score accurately predicts and categorizes the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, in women.
The findings were published in Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease is the leading cause of death in US women. The same can be said for women in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Pacific countries. However, since men are more likely to experience heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, women tend to be overlooked in cardiovascular studies.
The Need for Gender-Specific Risk Stratification
“Women are often underrepresented in research studies, and in some settings may be excluded,” says study lead author Guillermo Romero-Farina, MD, PhD, cardiologist and senior researcher at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, and CIBERCV in Barcelona, Spain, in a release. “Risk stratification in women is particularly important because the clinical presentation of coronary disease in women may differ from that in men and is often atypical.”
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Coronary risk stratification models are an important tool physicians use to identify which patients are most likely to experience major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, stroke, or even death. Establishing a Coronary Risk Score in Women may aid in the prediction of major cardiovascular events.
In this retrospective study, Romero-Farina and colleagues analyzed the data of 2,226 women aged 40 to 93 years who were referred to the Nuclear Cardiology Unit at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital for risk assessment and evaluation.
Study Design and Methodology
All patients underwent gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, which is an imaging procedure that measures left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion at the same time.
The average follow-up time was approximately four years. The maximum follow-up time was 10 years, and all follow-ups occurred in the hospital as a result of a major adverse cardiovascular event.
Using eight variables, the Coronary Risk Score in Women calculated the risk of a cardiac event in patients and categorized them into four risk levels: low, moderate, high, and very high.
“By grouping patients into different risk levels—ranging from low to very high risk—doctors can better focus resources and treatments on those who need them the most,” says Romero-Farina in a release.
Key Findings and Implications
The model accurately predicted major adverse cardiovascular events in women who were categorized as high and very high risk and performed better than other risk models.
The researchers note that this novel approach of incorporating clinical, exercise, and imaging-based variables is important in accurately calculating the risk of cardiac events in women.
“The study provides additional insights into identifying high-risk or very high-risk women,” says Romero-Farina in a release. “This approach helps us catch potential heart issues earlier, especially serious events like heart attacks and sudden cardiac death, which are the outcomes cardiologists are most concerned about preventing.”
